Medical Conditions
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Conditions
Back Pain
Back pain can signal various medical conditions, from muscle strain to serious issues like spinal stenosis or herniated discs. It may arise from poor posture, injury, or underlying diseases such as arthritis. Persistent or severe pain, especially with numbness or weakness, warrants medical evaluation to identify and treat the root cause effectively.
Congenital Scoliosis
Congenital vertebral malformations occur due to spinal abnormalities during fetal development. They can be isolated with no genetic risk or complex with a 5-10% risk. Treatment often involves surgery, as braces are rarely effective.
Foot Fracture (Broken Foot)
A foot fracture, or broken foot, involves a crack or break in one of the many bones of the foot, often caused by trauma, or overuse. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking. Treatment may involve rest, immobilization (cast or boot), or surgery for severe cases.
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, developing during growth with no known cause. It is classified by age and severity, with adolescent scoliosis being the most prevalent. Treatment ranges from bracing to surgery for severe cases.
Kyphosis in children
Kyphosis in children most often stems from Scheuermann’s disease, congenital malformations, or neuromuscular disorders. It presents with distinct features like vertebral wedging and formation defects, and surgical correction is typically required.
Neck Pain
Neck pain is a common condition that can arise from various causes, including poor posture, stress, or some underlying medical issues. Most cases improve with rest, stretching, or physical therapy, but persistent or severe pain warrants medical evaluation to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Neuromuscular/Neuropathic scoliosis is less common than idiopathic, stemming from either neuropathic (e.g., syringomyelia, spinal cord trauma) or myopathic (e.g., muscular dystrophy) origins. These curves develop early and often progress, impairing function and balance. Treatment is mainly surgical, aiming for solid fusion and improved overall status.
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in The Pediatric Patient
These conditions involve a vertebral break and slip, affecting about 5% of the population. They often cause low back pain and radiculopathy at L5-S1 and may be congenital or stress-induced. Treatment ranges from pars repair to fusion based on severity.
Tuberculous Spondylitis
Tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge, with millions affected and up to 10% showing skeletal involvement—half of which impact the spine. Spinal TB can cause severe pain, neurological deficits, and progressive deformity, complicating daily function and work. Treatment includes a multi-drug regimen combined with surgical intervention for advanced cases