Overview Incidence and prevalence TB remains a major public health problem. There are 40 million active cases with 8-10 million cases per year. 5 -15 % of the estimated 2-3 billion people infected with TB will develop the disease during their lives.  Out of these figures, 10% will have incidence skeletal involvement and a 50% […]

Overview Terminology: Spondylo (Spine) Lysis (Break) Listhesis (Slip) This condition is commonly present in about 5% of the population and may be asymptomatic Dysplastic is usually a congenital abnormally of the facets and posterior elements. Isthmic (pars) is the bony zone between the facet joints a region subject to break. lytic (stress fracture), elongated (repetitive […]

Overview It’s less common than Idiopathic scoliosis and can be classified into two main categories as: Neuropathic (Spinal cord and Brain) or Myopathic (Muscle disease) Neuropathic can further be sub classified as: Upper Motor Neuron — P. Spinocerebellar Deg. (F. Ataxia, CMT) Syringomyelia Spinal Cord Trauma Lower Motor Neuron Polio Trauma SMA Dysautonomia Myopathic Disorders […]

Overview Most common causes of Kyphosis in children include Scheuremann’s disease, Congenital malformation and neuromuscular disease. Typical characteristic findings in Scheuremann Kyphosis include irregular endplates, vertebral wedging and Schmorl’s nodes.  Congenital Kyphosis usually result from defects of formation with resultant posterior hemivertebra and segmentation defects with anterior bar. Neuromuscular Kyphosis in children result from muscular […]

Overview Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis. The child is otherwise healthy. The curve develops during growth. Classifications Early onset Scoliosis: Less than 10 years can be sub classified into Infantile (0-4years) and Juvenile (4-9years). Adolescent: (2nd growth spurt)   Prevalence: 2% of growing children have curve greater than 10°, 0.3% will have curves […]

Overview Most common type of congenital deformities which result from vertebral malformation during the gestational period. Family history is rare: 13/1,250 Patients positive F-Hx (Winter, 1983). They are grouped as: Isolated Anomalies: No Genetic Risk (Wynne Davies, 1975) Complex Anomalies: 5-10% Risk Two main types of malformation are described and include formation and segmentation defects. […]